diff --git a/abc.py b/abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eade1a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+def split_and_join(line):
+    full = []
+    current = ''
+    line_len = len(line)
+    for c in range(line_len):
+        char = line[c]
+        if char == ' ': 
+            full.append(current)
+            current = ''
+        else:
+            current = current + char
+            
+        if c == line_len - 1:
+            full.append(str(current))
+    
+    full_final = ''
+    full_len = len(full)
+    for v in range(full_len):
+        val = full[v]
+        full_final += val + ('' if v == full_len-1 else '-')
+        
+    return full_final
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    line = input()
+    result = split_and_join(line)
+    print(result)
+
diff --git a/book_stuff/student.py b/book_stuff/student.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6c32d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/book_stuff/student.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+class Student:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, gNumber: int, gpa: float):
+        self.set_name(name)
+        self.set_gNumber(gNumber)
+        self.set_gpa(gpa)
+
+    # --- Name ---
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    def set_name(self, value: str) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, str):
+            raise TypeError("Name must be a string")
+        if not value.isalpha():
+            raise ValueError("Name must contain only alphabetic characters")
+        if not (1 <= len(value) <= 255):
+            raise ValueError("Name must be between 1 and 255 characters")
+        self._name = value
+
+    # --- gNumber ---
+    def get_gNumber(self) -> int:
+        return self._gNumber
+
+    def set_gNumber(self, value: int) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int):
+            raise TypeError("gNumber must be an integer")
+        if not (100000 <= value <= 999999):
+            raise ValueError("gNumber must be a 6-digit number between 100000 and 999999")
+        self._gNumber = value
+
+    # --- GPA ---
+    def get_gpa(self) -> float:
+        return self._gpa
+
+    def set_gpa(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+            raise TypeError("GPA must be a number")
+        if not (0.0 <= value <= 6.0):
+            raise ValueError("GPA must be between 0.0 and 6.0")
+        self._gpa = float(value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Student(Name: {self._name}, gNumber: {self._gNumber}, GPA: {self._gpa:.2f})"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/book_stuff/test_student.py b/book_stuff/test_student.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd310b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/book_stuff/test_student.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import pytest
+from student import Student  # assumes Student class is in student.py
+
+
+# ---------- FIXTURES ----------
+@pytest.fixture
+def valid_student():
+    """Fixture for a valid student object"""
+    return Student("Alice", 123456, 4.0)
+
+def test_create_valid_student(valid_student):
+    assert valid_student.get_name() == "Alice"
+    assert valid_student.get_gNumber() == 123456
+    assert valid_student.get_gpa() == 4.0
+
+
+def test_update_name(valid_student):
+    valid_student.set_name("Bob")
+    assert valid_student.get_name() == "Bob"
+
+
+def test_update_gNumber(valid_student):
+    valid_student.set_gNumber(654321)
+    assert valid_student.get_gNumber() == 654321
+
+
+def test_update_gpa(valid_student):
+    valid_student.set_gpa(5.5)
+    assert valid_student.get_gpa() == 5.5
+
+
+# ---------- NAME VALIDATION ----------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_name", [
+    "",                          # empty string
+    "A" * 256,                   # too long
+    "Alice123",                  # contains digits
+    "Alice!",                    # contains special character
+    123,                         # not a string
+])
+def test_invalid_name_raises(invalid_name):
+    with pytest.raises((ValueError, TypeError)):
+        Student(invalid_name, 123456, 3.0)
+
+
+# ---------- gNumber VALIDATION ----------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_gNumber", [
+    99999,     # too small
+    1000000,   # too large
+    "123456",  # not an int
+    12.34,     # float
+])
+def test_invalid_gNumber_raises(invalid_gNumber):
+    with pytest.raises((ValueError, TypeError)):
+        Student("Charlie", invalid_gNumber, 3.5)
+
+
+def test_boundary_gNumber_valid():
+    s1 = Student("David", 100000, 2.0)
+    s2 = Student("Eve", 999999, 3.0)
+    assert s1.get_gNumber() == 100000
+    assert s2.get_gNumber() == 999999
+
+
+# ---------- GPA VALIDATION ----------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("invalid_gpa", [
+    -0.1,      # below range
+    6.1,       # above range
+    "4.0",     # string instead of number
+    None,      # NoneType
+])
+def test_invalid_gpa_raises(invalid_gpa):
+    with pytest.raises((ValueError, TypeError)):
+        Student("Frank", 222222, invalid_gpa)
+
+
+def test_boundary_gpa_valid():
+    s1 = Student("Grace", 333333, 0.0)
+    s2 = Student("Heidi", 444444, 6.0)
+    assert s1.get_gpa() == 0.0
+    assert s2.get_gpa() == 6.0
+
+
+# ---------- STRING REPRESENTATION ----------
+def test_str_representation(valid_student):
+    s = str(valid_student)
+    assert "Alice" in s
+    assert "123456" in s
+    assert "4.00" in s
+
+	
diff --git a/chess/chess_gui_small_view.py b/chess/chess_gui_small_view.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43c08e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/chess_gui_small_view.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import copy
+from enum import Enum
+import pygame as pg
+import pygame_gui as gui
+from chess_model import ChessModel, MoveValidity, UndoException
+from move import Move
+from player import Player
+
+IMAGE_SIZE = 52  #small format - images 52 X 52
+
+
+class SpriteType(Enum):
+    King = 0
+    Queen = 1
+    Bishop = 2
+    Knight = 3
+    Rook = 4
+    Pawn = 5
+
+class SpriteColor(Enum):
+    WHITE = 0
+    BLACK = 1
+
+class GUI:
+    first = True
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pg.init()
+        self.__model = ChessModel()
+        self._screen = pg.display.set_mode((800, 600))
+        pg.display.set_caption("Laker Chess")
+        self._ui_manager = gui.UIManager((800, 600))
+        self._side_box = gui.elements.UITextBox('<b>Laker Chess</b><br /><br />White moves first.<br />',
+                                                relative_rect=pg.Rect((500, 100), (400, 500)),
+                                                manager=self._ui_manager)
+        self._undo_button = gui.elements.UIButton(relative_rect = pg.Rect((700, 50), (100, 50)),
+                                                  text='Undo',
+                                                  manager=self._ui_manager)
+        self._restart_button = gui.elements.UIButton(relative_rect = pg.Rect((600, 50), (100, 50)),
+                                                     text='Reset',
+                                                     manager=self._ui_manager)
+        self._piece_selected = False
+        self._first_selected = (0, 0)
+        self._second_selected = (0, 0)
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def load_images(cls):
+        def load_image(color, ptype):
+            SS = pg.image.load('./images/pieces.png')
+            a = 105
+            surf = pg.Surface((a,a), pg.SRCALPHA)
+            surf.blit(SS, (0, 0), pg.rect.Rect(a*ptype.value, color.value*a, a, a))
+            surf_scaled = pg.transform.scale(surf, (IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE))
+            return surf_scaled
+        cls.white_sprites = {}
+        cls.black_sprites = {}
+        for st in SpriteType:
+            cls.white_sprites[st.name] = load_image(SpriteColor.WHITE, st)
+            cls.black_sprites[st.name] = load_image(SpriteColor.BLACK, st)
+
+    def run_game(self) -> None:
+        running = True
+        time_delta = 0
+        clock = pg.time.Clock()
+        while running:
+            for event in pg.event.get():
+                if event.type == pg.QUIT:
+                    running = False
+                if event.type == pg.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+                    x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()
+                    y, x = self.__get_coords__(y, x)
+                    piece = self.__model.piece_at(y, x)
+                    if not self._piece_selected and piece:
+                        if piece.player != self.__model.current_player:
+                            msg = 'Not your turn!'
+                            self._side_box.append_html_text(msg + '<br />')
+                        else:
+                            self._piece_selected = True
+                            self._first_selected = y, x
+                            self._piece_selected = piece
+                    elif self._piece_selected:
+                        mv = Move(self._first_selected[0], self._first_selected[1], y, x)
+                        if self.__model.is_valid_move(mv):
+                            target = self.__model.piece_at(y, x)
+                            self.__model.move(mv)
+                            if target is not None:
+                                msg = f'Moved {self._piece_selected} and captured {target}'
+                            else:
+                                msg = f'Moved {self._piece_selected}'
+                            self._side_box.append_html_text(msg + '<br />')
+                        
+                        else:
+                            self._side_box.append_html_text(f'{self.__model.messageCode}<br />')
+                        incheck = self.__model.in_check(self.__model.current_player)
+                        complete = self.__model.is_complete()
+
+                        if incheck:
+                            player_color = self.__model.current_player.name
+                            if complete:
+                                self._side_box.append_html_text(f'{player_color} is in CHECKMATE!<br />GAME OVER!')
+                            else:
+                                self._side_box.append_html_text(f'{player_color} is in CHECK!<br />')
+                        
+                        self._piece_selected = False
+                    else:
+                        self._piece_selected = False
+                if event.type == gui.UI_BUTTON_PRESSED:
+                    if event.ui_element == self._restart_button:
+                        self.__model = ChessModel()
+                        self._side_box.set_text("Restarting game...<br />")
+                    if event.ui_element == self._undo_button:
+                        try:
+                            self.__model.undo()
+                            self._side_box.append_html_text('Undoing move.<br />')
+                        except UndoException as e:
+                            self._side_box.append_html_text(f'{e}<br />')
+            self._ui_manager.process_events(event)
+
+            self._screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
+            self.__draw_board__()
+            self._ui_manager.draw_ui(self._screen)
+            self._ui_manager.update(time_delta)
+
+            pg.display.flip()
+            time_delta = clock.tick(30) / 1000.0
+
+    def __get_coords__(self, y, x):
+        grid_x = x // IMAGE_SIZE
+        grid_y = y // IMAGE_SIZE
+        return grid_y, grid_x
+
+    def __draw_board__(self) -> None:
+        count = 0
+        color = (255, 255, 255)
+        for x in range(0, 8):
+            for y in range(0, 8):
+                if count % 2 == 0:
+                    color = (255, 255, 255)
+                else:
+                    color = (127, 127, 127)
+                count = count + 1
+                pg.draw.rect(self._screen, color, pg.rect.Rect(x * IMAGE_SIZE, y * IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE))
+                if self._piece_selected and (y, x) == self._first_selected:
+                    pg.draw.rect(self._screen, (255, 0, 0), pg.rect.Rect(x * IMAGE_SIZE, y * IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE), 2)
+                draw_piece = self.__model.piece_at(y, x)
+                if draw_piece is not None:
+                    if draw_piece.player == Player.BLACK:
+                        d = GUI.black_sprites
+                    else:
+                        d = GUI.white_sprites
+                    self._screen.blit(copy.deepcopy(d[draw_piece.type()]), (x * IMAGE_SIZE, y * IMAGE_SIZE))
+            count = count + 1
+        pg.draw.line(self._screen, (0, 0, 0), (0, 840), (840, 840))
+        pg.draw.line(self._screen, (0, 0, 0), (840, 840), (840, 0))
+        GUI.first = False
+
+
+def main():
+    GUI.load_images()
+    g = GUI()
+    g.run_game()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/chess/chess_model.py b/chess/chess_model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..104c6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/chess_model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from enum import Enum
+from player import Player
+from move import Move
+from chess_piece import ChessPiece
+from pawn import Pawn
+from rook import Rook
+from knight import Knight
+from bishop import Bishop
+from queen import Queen
+from king import King
+from move import Move
+
+class MoveValidity(Enum):
+    Valid = 1
+    Invalid = 2
+    MovingIntoCheck = 3
+    StayingInCheck = 4
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.value == 2:
+            return 'Invalid move.'
+
+        if self.value == 3:
+            return 'Invalid -- cannot move into check.'
+
+        if self.value == 4:
+            return 'Invalid -- must move out of check.'
+
+
+# TODO: create UndoException
+
+
+class ChessModel:
+    # TODO: fill in this class
+    pass
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/chess/chess_piece.py b/chess/chess_piece.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5631238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/chess_piece.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from player import Player
+from move import Move
+from typing import TypeVar
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+ChessPieceT = TypeVar('ChessPieceT')
+
+# my list of custom exceptions
+class PieceOutOfBoundsError(Exception): pass
+class StartEndPositionMismatch(Exception): pass
+
+class ChessPiece:
+    def __init__(self, piece_color: Player):
+        self.player = piece_color
+
+    @property
+    def player(self):
+        return self.__player
+    
+    @player.setter
+    def player(self, new_val):
+        if not isinstance(new_val, Player):
+            raise TypeError(f'new value for player is not of type Player')
+        self.__player = new_val
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        # im not making this abstract, attributes amongst each piece are the same, str repr is also dynamic for the class name
+        return f'[{self.__class__.__name__} player={self.player}]'
+    
+    def is_valid_move(self, move: Move, board: list[list[ChessPieceT]]) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(board, list):
+            raise TypeError(f'board must be a list')
+        
+        for arr in board:
+            if not isinstance(arr, list):
+                raise TypeError(f'each element in the board list bust be another list')
+            
+            for v in arr:
+                if not isinstance(v, ChessPiece):
+                    raise TypeError(f'each element in each row of the board must be of type ChessPiece')
+
+        board_dim = len(board)
+        board_orig: ChessPiece = board[move.to_row][move.to_col]
+        board_dest: ChessPiece = board[move.from_row][move.from_col]
+        within_bounds = board_dim <= move.to_col <= board_dim and board_dim <= move.to_row <= board_dim
+        different_position = move.from_col != move.to_col and move.from_row != move.to_row
+        at_position = board_orig == self
+        is_piece_class = isinstance(board_dest, ChessPiece)
+        taking_friendly_piece = board_dest.player != self.player
+
+        print(f'within_bounds={within_bounds}, different_position={different_position}, at_position={at_position}, is_piece_class={is_piece_class}, taking_friendly_piece={taking_friendly_piece}')
+        return within_bounds and different_position and at_position and is_piece_class and taking_friendly_piece
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/chess/images/pieces.png b/chess/images/pieces.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e838d2
Binary files /dev/null and b/chess/images/pieces.png differ
diff --git a/chess/images/small_pieces.png b/chess/images/small_pieces.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e060ad5
Binary files /dev/null and b/chess/images/small_pieces.png differ
diff --git a/chess/move.py b/chess/move.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd34a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/move.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+class Move:
+    def __init__(self, from_row, from_col, to_row, to_col):
+        self.from_row = from_row
+        self.from_col = from_col
+        self.to_row = to_row
+        self.to_col = to_col
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        output = f'Move [from_row={self.from_row}, from_col={self.from_col}'
+        output += f', to_row={self.to_row}, to_col={self.to_col}]'
+        return output
+    
+#   kinda just guessing, but on prarielearn it only showed the file names included in the project and the 
+#   ones we need to create for the submission, i was gonna put all these in their own files, but now i'm 
+#   just putting it here because i dont wanna risk not being able to submit
+
+class PieceType:
+    # piece type for each piece
+    PAWN = 0
+    ROOK = 1
+    KING = 2
+    QUEEN = 3
+    KNIGHT = 4
+    BISHOP = 5
+
+# check if something is a valid move set element ( (y, x) tuple )
+def valid_move_set_element(move_set: tuple[int, int]) -> bool:
+    # check if move set is a tuple
+    if not isinstance(move_set, tuple):
+        raise TypeError(f'each move set in move sets must be a tuple ({move_set})')
+    
+    # check if the length of the tuple is 2, because it needs to have a y and x
+    ms_len = len(move_set)
+    if ms_len != 2:
+        raise ValueError(f'length of move set ({move_set}) is {ms_len}, must be 2 (y and x)')
+    
+    # check if each element is an int
+    for i in range(ms_len):
+        p = move_set[i]
+        if not isinstance(p, int):
+            raise TypeError(f'tuple element at index {i} ({p}) must be an int')
+        
+    return True
+
+# general move set list class for each piece type
+class MoveSets:
+    def __init__(self, *move_sets: tuple[int, int]):
+        # loop over indices of move_sets, checking if each element at index i is valid, exception thrown by valid_move_set if not
+        for i in range(len(move_sets)):
+            valid_move_set_element(move_sets[i])
+
+        # set all the stuff equal
+        self.__move_sets = move_sets
+
+    @property
+    def move_sets(self):
+        return self.__move_sets
+
+    def is_valid_move(self, move: Move) -> bool:
+        # is the move valid, i dunno
+        raise NotImplementedError('u gotta implement me bruh')
+    
+def valid_range(max: int) -> list[int]:
+    return [-i if max < 0 else i for i in range(1, abs(max)+1)]
+
+# class for static move sets
+class StaticMoveSet(MoveSets):
+    def is_valid_move(self, move: Move) -> bool:
+        from_to_row_diff = move.to_row - move.from_row
+        from_to_col_diff = move.to_col - move.from_col
+        for ms in self.move_sets:
+            if from_to_row_diff == ms[0] and from_to_col_diff == ms[1]:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+# in these lists, the move sets are dynamic, so the y and x are a range of times they can move on the x and y
+rook_valid_move_sets = [(0, 8), (8, 0), (0, -8), (-8, 0)]
+
+# class for dynamic move sets
+class DynamicMoveSet(MoveSets):
+    def is_valid_move(self, move: Move) -> bool:
+        from_to_row_diff = move.to_row - move.from_row
+        from_to_col_diff = move.to_col - move.from_col
+        # check if the to and from actually moved
+        if from_to_row_diff == 0 and from_to_col_diff == 0:
+            return False
+
+        for ms in self.move_sets:
+            possible_valid_row_moves, possible_valid_col_moves = [valid_range(mse) for mse in ms]
+
+            # check if move in row is possible, only if there are valid moves for row movement
+            if len(possible_valid_row_moves) > 0:
+                if from_to_row_diff not in possible_valid_row_moves:
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # if theres no valid moves for rows, make sure theres no change in the from to row difference
+                if from_to_row_diff != 0:
+                    continue
+            
+            # check if move in column is possible, only if there are valid moves for column movement
+            if len(possible_valid_col_moves) > 0:
+                if from_to_col_diff not in possible_valid_col_moves:
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # if theres no valid moves for columns, make sure theres no change in the from to column difference
+                if from_to_col_diff != 0:
+                    continue
+                
+            return True
+
+        return False
+    
+# create move sets
+
+# static move sets
+pawn_move_sets = StaticMoveSet((0, 1), (0, 2))
+
+# dynamic move sets
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/chess/pawn.py b/chess/pawn.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259aea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/pawn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from chess_piece import ChessPiece
+from move import Move
+from player import Player
+from move_sets import pawn_valid_move_sets
+
+class Pawn(ChessPiece):
+    def __init__(self, piece_color: Player):
+        super().__init__(piece_color)
+
+    def is_valid_move(self, move: Move, board: list[list[ChessPiece]]) -> bool:
+        # run original check and other piece specific checks
+        orig_is_valid = super().is_valid_move(move, board)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/chess/player.py b/chess/player.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2de1360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/player.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from enum import Enum
+
+class Player(Enum):
+    BLACK = 0
+    WHITE = 1
+
+    def next(self):
+        cls = self.__class__
+        members = list(cls)
+        index = members.index(self) + 1
+        if index >= len(members):
+            index = 0
+        return members[index]
+
diff --git a/chess/test.py b/chess/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82559e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chess/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+from chess_piece import ChessPiece
+from pytest import fixture, mark
+from player import Player
+from move import StaticMoveSet, Move, DynamicMoveSet, valid_range
+from random import randint, choice
+
+# chess piece tests
+
+@fixture
+def valid_piece():
+    return ChessPiece(Player.WHITE)
+
+def test_update_player(valid_piece: ChessPiece):
+    valid_piece.player = Player.BLACK
+    assert valid_piece.player == Player.BLACK
+
+    valid_piece.player = Player.WHITE
+    assert valid_piece.player == Player.WHITE
+
+def test_repr_str(valid_piece: ChessPiece):
+    rep = str(valid_piece)
+    assert 'player='
+
+# move set testing (kinda separate from main project)
+
+_init_val = 4
+
+# static move sets
+
+_static_move_sets = [(1, 0), (-3, 0), (0, 2), (0, -1), (4, 4), (-2, -2), (1, -3), (-3, 4)]
+
+@fixture
+def valid_static_move_set():
+    return StaticMoveSet(*_static_move_sets)
+
+# test valid
+
+def test_valid_static_moves(valid_static_move_set: StaticMoveSet):
+    for ms in _static_move_sets:
+        assert valid_static_move_set.is_valid_move(Move(_init_val, _init_val, _init_val+ms[0], _init_val+ms[1]))
+
+# test invalid
+
+def test_invalid_static_moves(valid_static_move_set: StaticMoveSet):
+    for ms in _static_move_sets:
+        assert not valid_static_move_set.is_valid_move(Move(_init_val, _init_val, _init_val+ms[0]+(-1 if ms[0] < 0 else 1), _init_val+ms[1]+(-1 if ms[1] < 0 else 1)))
+
+# dynamic move sets
+
+_dynamic_move_sets = [(4, 0), (-2, 0), (0, 8), (0, -6), (4, 4), (-4, -4), (2, -5), (-3, 4)]
+
+@fixture
+def valid_dynamic_move_set():
+    return DynamicMoveSet(*_dynamic_move_sets)
+
+def test_valid_dynamic_moves(valid_dynamic_move_set: DynamicMoveSet):
+    for ms in _dynamic_move_sets:
+        row = ms[0]
+        col = ms[1]
+
+        # find a valid range on numbers to select from using the row and column
+        valid_range_row = valid_range(row)
+        valid_range_col = valid_range(col)
+
+        # check if the ranges for rows and columns are empty individually, if so;
+        # set random value to 0, if not, set it to a random element from it's respective list
+        if len(valid_range_row) == 0:
+            rnd_row = 0
+        else:
+            rnd_row = choice(valid_range_row)
+
+        if len(valid_range_col) == 0:
+            rnd_col = 0
+        else:
+            rnd_col = choice(valid_range_col)
+
+        # test dat thing
+        assert valid_dynamic_move_set.is_valid_move(Move(_init_val, _init_val, _init_val+rnd_row, _init_val+rnd_col))
+
+_RND_MIN = 10
+_RND_MAX = 20
+
+def test_invalid_dynamic_moves(valid_dynamic_move_set: DynamicMoveSet):
+    for ms in _dynamic_move_sets:
+        row = ms[0]
+        col = ms[1]
+
+        # check if the row and column ranges are equal to zero, if so;
+        # set random value to 0, if not, create random number between _rnd_min and _rnd_max
+        # then, add the random number, making it negative if the column or row in that instance > 0
+        if row == 0:
+            row_rnd_add = 0
+        else:
+            rnd = randint(_RND_MIN, _RND_MAX)
+            row_rnd_add = row + (rnd if row > 0 else -rnd)
+
+        if col == 0:
+            col_rnd_add = 0
+        else:
+            rnd = randint(_RND_MIN, _RND_MAX)
+            col_rnd_add = col + (rnd if col > 0 else -rnd)
+
+        #print(f'{ms}, ({_init_val}+{row_rnd_add}, {_init_val}+{col_rnd_add}) = ({_init_val+row_rnd_add}, {_init_val+col_rnd_add})')
+        assert not valid_dynamic_move_set.is_valid_move(Move(_init_val, _init_val, _init_val+row_rnd_add, _init_val+col_rnd_add))
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